Joint Effects of Serum 25(OH) D and C-Reactive Protein Concentration on Coronary Heart Disease and All-cause Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Article Information

Article Type:  Research

Citation: Longjian Liu (2015) Joint Effects of Serum 25(OH) D and C-Reactive Protein Concentration on Coronary Heart Disease and All-cause Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Heart Health 1 (1): http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/jhh.105

Copyright:© 2015 Longjian Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history:

 Received date: 06 April, 2015

 Accepted date: 08 May, 2015

 Published date: 11 May, 2015.

Authors :
Longjian Liu : Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USACorresponding author: Longjian Liu, MD, PhD, MSc (LSHTM), FAHA, Interim Chair of the Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, RM 515, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market ST, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Tel: 267-359-6049, 267-886-5138; E-mail: Longjian.Liu@Drexel.edu

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the joint predicting effect of serum 25(OH) D (a biomarker of vitamin D level in blood) and C-reactive Protein (CRP) concentration on the risk of mortality from Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and all-causes in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Of 14965 subjects aged ≥ 30 years who participated in the NHANESIII, 2146 patients with T2DM at baseline (1988-1994) were followed up through December 31 of 2006. The associations of baseline serum 25(OH) D and CRP with outcomes were examined prospectively using Cox’s hazard proportional regression models. The results show that during a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 1257 (58.6%) of the patients with T2DM died, and 370 deaths were from CHD. Multivariate adjusted Cox’s models indicate that decreased 25(OH) D level significantly predicted risk of death. The corresponding hazard ratios for the risk of CHD mortality among those with serum 25(OH) D levels 20-29.9, 10-19.9, and <10 ng/mL were 1.35, 1.38 and 2.19, as compared to those with 25(OH) D ≥ 30 ng/mL, respectively. Similar associations between decreased 25(OH) D and risk of all-cause mortality were observed. Furthermore, a joint effect of decreased 25(OH) D and increased CRP significantly predicted an increased risk of CHD and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, using data from a nationally representative and longitudinal survey, findings from the study suggest that decreased serum vitamin D and increased CRP concentrations significantly predicted the risk of CHD and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM.

Keywords

Prospective Study; Vitamin D; Inflammation; Mortality

Figure 2: Joint effects of serum 25(OH) Dand CRP concentrations on CHD (Figure A) and all-cause (Figure B) mortality

Figure 1:Survival function of patients with T2DM died from CHD (Figure A) and all-causes (Figure B)
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Prospective ECG-triggering Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA): How Safe is this Procedure?

Article Information

Article Type: Review Article

Citation: Sabarudin A (2015) Prospective ECGtriggering Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA): How Safe is this Procedure? J Hear Health, Volume1.1: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/jhh.104

Copyright: © 2015 Sabarudin A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history: 

 Received date: 12 March, 2015

 Accepted date: 24 March, 2015

 Published date: 28 March 2015

Authors :
Akmal Sabarudin : Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author: Dr. Akmal Sabarudin, Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tel: 603-9289 7641; Fax: 603-2692 9032; E- mail: akmal.sabarudin@ukm.edu.my

Abstract

With the rapid development of CT technology, the procedure of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) has been increasingly used and widely available for the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Other than having its advantages to improve the sensitivity and specificity in the detection of CAD, CCTA also associated with high radiation dose. Several dose-reduction strategies have been introduced to reduce radiation dose during CT procedure. However, one of the technique, namely prospective ECG-triggering CCTA provides tremendous radiation dose reduction to patient. Therefore, this article provides information on the prospective ECG-triggering technique and how it can further reduce the radiation dose to patient.

Keywords|
Coronary CT angiography; Coronary artery disease; Electro Cardiogram (ECG)

Figure 1: Variations in CCTA scanning techniques produced different radiation dose. In standard retrospective gating, the tube current is constantly ‘on’ throughout the acquisition produces high radiation dose while in prospective ECG-triggering, the exposure is ‘on’ at the selective cardiac phase (diastolic phase) for a short period resulting low radiation dose production.
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Myocardial Infarction: Cell Therapy for Cardiac Regeneration

Article Information

Article Type: Review Article

Citation: Bartulos O (2015) Myocardial Infarction: Cell Therapy for Cardiac Regeneration. J Hear Health, Volume1.1: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/jhh.103

Copyright: © 2015 Bartulos O. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history:

 Received date: 06 February, 2015.

 Accepted date: 12 March, 2015.

 Published date: 16 March 2015.

Author :
Oscar Bartulos : Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Oscar Bartulos : Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Abstract

Mortality rate in patients that suffer heart failure is approximately 50 per cent in a 5-year follow up, exceeding the mortality detected in patients with cancer. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers are effective to treat Myocardial Infarction (MI), but there is no effective therapy to reverse the disease. In the last two decades, cell therapy has emerged as an important treatment to be considered for patients with MI. In the present Review, I will summarize the diversity of cell therapies that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies, discussing the pros and cons of each therapy.

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Chest Pain due to Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in a Patient with Single Coronary Artery

Article Information

Article Type: Case Report

Citation: Awan MU, Quraishi MB, Wadiwala N, Reddy N (2015) Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Right Sinus of Valsalva: An Anomaly with Fatal Outcomes. J Heart Health, Volume1.1: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/jhh.101

Copyright: © 2015 Awan MU, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history:

 Received date: 15 December, 2014.

 Accepted date: 5 January 2015.

 Published date: 12 January 2015.

Authors :
Muhammad Umer Awan : Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University, Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
Salman Muddassir : Associate Program Director and Associate Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University, Trenton, NJ, USA
Muhammad Usman Mustafa : Interventional Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Seton Hall University, St Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
Corresponding author: Muhammad Umer Awan, Resident Physician,Department of Internal Medicine Seton Hall University, St Francis Medical Center, Trenton,NJ, 08629, USA, Tel: 347-922-6970; E-mail: umer166@gmail.com

Abstract

Coronary artery anomalies are rare, and single coronary arteries are even rarer occurring 0.024%- 0.066% in the general population. They range in presentation from being asymptomatic to severe chest pain and even sudden death. There are numerous variations of Coronary artery anomalies, some benign and others potentially lethal. Benign variations include separate origination of the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries from the left sinus of Valsalva, an ectopic origin of right coronary artery or left main trunk from the posterior sinus of Valsalva, and intercoronary communication. Potentially serious anomalies, which constitute 19% of anomalies, include an ectopic coronary origin form the pulmonary artery, an ectopic origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, and a Single Coronary Artery. We present a case of a 65-year-old lady who presented with chest pain and was diagnosed, incidentally on cardiac catheterization as having a single coronary artery supplying the entire heart. The cardiac catheterization showed the patient did not have a right coronary artery. Rather, left circumflex branch of left main coronary artery continued as right coronary artery to supply the right side of the heart. Thecatheterization also showed a 90% stenosis to the proximal diagonal 1 branch of the Left anterior descending; a percutaneous coronary intervention was performed to the diagonal 1 lesion. The patient was chest pain free upon discharge and instructed to follow up in cardiology clinic.

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Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Right Sinus of Valsalva: An Anomaly with Fatal Outcomes

Article Information

Article Type: Case Report

Citation: Awan MU, Quraishi MB, Wadiwala N, Reddy N (2015) Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Right Sinus of Valsalva: An Anomaly with Fatal Outcomes. J Heart Health, Volume1.1: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/jhh.101

Copyright: © 2015 Awan MU, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history:

 Received date: 15 December, 2014.

 Accepted date: 5 January 2015.

 Published date: 12 January 2015.

Authors :
Muhammad Umer Awan : Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine Seton Hall University, St Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USAMuhammad Bilal Quraishi : Cardiology Fellow, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kettering Medical and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Dayton, Ohio, USANicky Wadiwala : Cardiology Fellow, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kettering Medical and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Dayton, Ohio, USANiranjan Reddy : Associate Program Director Cardiology Fellowship, Kettering Medical and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Dayton, Ohio, USA

Abstract

Coronary anomalies are not uncommon. Patients with coronary anomalies can have a wide array of resentations varying from chest pain to sudden cardiac death. In this case, a middle-aged woman presented with atypical hest pain and was admitted for unstable angina. Cardiac catheterization identified an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus. CT angiogram identified a high-risk course. The patient’s chest ain was attributed to anomalous origin of the left coronary artery with subsequent compression due to inter-arterial course between the aorta and pulmonary trunk. She underwent successful surgical revascularization with left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending with resolution of symptoms.
  

Figure 1. LAO Cranial view of RCA and anomalous origin of left coronary artery from opposite sinus

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Two Year Mortality of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class II and III Congestive Heart Failurep

Article Information

Aritcle Type: Research

Citation: Shah B (2015) Two Year Mortality of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class II and III Congestive Heart Failure. J Heart Health 1 (2): doi http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/2379-769X.109

Copyright:© 2015 Shah B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history: 

 Received date: 08 July 2015

 Accepted date: 27 July 2015

 Published date: 31 July 2015

Authors :
Bakhtawar Shah : Cardiology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Corresponding author: Bakhtawar Shah, Senior Medical Officer, Cardiology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Jinnah Hall, New Doctor Hostel Room No C6, Peshawar, Pakistan, Tel: 009203005849128; E-mail: drbakhtawarshah@hotmail.com
Objectives

The study was conducted to determine the outcome of conventional therapy alone, or in combination with amiodarone, in patients with NYHA functional class II and III of Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF).

Methodology: Patients presenting with congestive heart failure to Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar Pakistan were randomly divided into two groups. After informed consent they were started on conventional therapy for heart failure i.e. Angiotensin Converting Enzymes Inhibitors (ACIs), or Angiotensin Receptors Blockers (ARBs) and beta blockers, diuretics, aldosterone antagonist and digoxin if needed. One group was started on amiodarone in the standard dose or placebo (folic acid 5 mg) daily. Patients were followed monthly for two years. The primary end point was death due to heart failure or till the end of the study. Both the group had treatment for any other cause as usual as needed.

Results: There were 34 deaths in the two years period. 19 deaths were recorded in the amiodarone group, and 15 deaths in the placebo group. Overall there was no statistically significant difference in both groups regarding mortality.

Conclusion: Amiodarone has not reduced mortality in patients who were in congestive heart failure and received amiodarone in addition to the conventional therapy.

Keywords

Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF); Angiotensin Converting Enzymes Inhibitors (ACIs); Angiotensin Receptors Blockers (ARBs); Beta blockers; Amiodarone

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The use of Bioresorbable Scaffolds in Cardiovascular Surgery

Article Information

Aritcle Type: Case Report

Citation: Nenna A, Lusini M, Chello M, Spadaccio C, Nappi F (2015) The use of Bioresorbable Scaffolds in Cardiovascular Surgery. J Heart Health 1(2): doi http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/2379-769X.108

Copyright:© 2015 Nappi F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history: 

 Received date: 16 July 2015

 Accepted date: 21 July 2015

 Published date: 25 July 201

Authors :

Antonio Nenna : Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
Mario Lusini : Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy

Massimo Chello : Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy

Cristiano Spadaccio : Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Glasgow, UK

Francesco Nappi : Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France

William Maddox : Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy

Figure 1: Use of bioresorbable scaffold in Ross procedure
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Cardiac Pre and Post Conditioning with Halogenated

Authors :

Rodriguez Capitán MJ : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Escalona Belmonte JJ : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Guerrero Orriach JL : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Ramirez Fernandez A : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Ramirez Aliaga M : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Toledo Medina C : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Malo Manso A : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Rubio Navarro M : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
Cruz Mañas J : Department of Anaesthesia, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain

Article Information

Aritcle Type: Case Report

Citation: Rodriguez Capitán MJ, Escalona Belmonte JJ, Guerrero Orriach JL, Ramirez Fernandez A, Ramirez Aliaga M, et al. (2015) Cardiac Pre and Post Conditioning with Halogenated. J Heart Health 1(2): doi http:// dx.doi.org/10.16966/2379-769X.107

Copyright:© 2015 Rodriguez Capitán MJ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history: 

 Received date: 01 July 2015

 Accepted date: 16 July 2015

 Published date: 20 July 2015

Preface

Recently, many studies have shown a decrease in myocardial damage in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery using an anaesthetic halogenated agent instead of propofol.

The basis for this protective effect on myocardium is at the mechanisms of preconditioning and post conditioning of halogenated agents. Both are related to the benefits of prior or subsequent administration of the drug (a halogenated anaesthetic agent) for myocardial cells, having very similar effects. It will be shown how this organic protection works and the clinical effects of halogenated at the postoperative period.

This issue will be one of the most important clinical points at anaesthesia and critical care, thus replacing the concept of anaesthesia from hypnosis to the therapeutic area.

Keywords

Halogenated; Cardiac surgery; Preconditioning; Post conditioning

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Steroid Responsive Pericardial Effusion after Percutaneous Epicardial Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage

Article Information

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: Shah RR, Maddox W (2015) Steroid Responsive Pericardial Effusion after Percutaneous Epicardial Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage. J Hear Health 1 (2): doi http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2379-769X.106

Copyright:© 2015 Shah RR. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Publication history: 

 Received date: 09 June, 2015

 Accepted date: 19 June, 2015

 Published date: 22 June, 2015

Author Details :
Ruchit R Shah^*
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

William Maddox
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

*Corresponding author: Ruchit R Shah, Division of Cardiology, Georgia Regents University,1120 15th Street, BBR 6518Augusta, GA 30912, USA, Tel: (706)721-2736; Fax: (706)721-5150; E-mail: rushah@gru.edu.

Abstract

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of embolic Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) with the thrombus predominately originating in the Left Atrial Appendage (LAA). In patients unable to take oral anticoagulation, closure or exclusion of the LAA can be performed to mitigate the risk of stroke. We present a case of a patient who underwent LAA closure with an epicardial suture delivery device, and developed a late post procedure pericardial effusion despite perioperative anti-inflammatory therapy. This was successfully treated conservatively with oral steroids, negating the need for further invasive therapy with pericardiocentesis.

Keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Anticoagulation; Left atrial appendage Closure; Pericardial effusion

Figure 1:Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE). Parasternal Long axis view.

(A): Post-procedure Day 1 TTE.
(B): 3 weeks Post-Procedure TTE showing moderate pericardial effusion (effusion shown with asterisks).
(C): TTE after 1 week of steroid initiation showing resolution of pericardial effusion.

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Journal of Heart Health - Sci Forschen Inc.

The Journal for Heart Health (ISSN 2379-769X ) is an Open Access Journal owned and maintained by SCI FORSCHEN for the global community of scholars conducting research work in this area and looking for a quality publication service where they can easily share their work at affordable prices. The journal covers manuscripts related to cardiovascular diseases, their diagnostics, and all the latest developments in their treatment and prevention. The journal is peer reviewed and offers scholars a quality and fast service for publication. Heart diseases are the number cause of death in the world, and take far more lives than even the most contagious of diseases. It is imperative that any research on this topic, be made freely available to everyone. Only when the scholar community comes together to share all that they know about the human heart, can there be enough information to root out this disease from the world. SCI FORSCHENoffers authors to share their discoveries on a number of disciplines related to the heart and have it quickly read and verified by leading experts in the academic world.

Subjects covered by The Journal for Heart Health are:

• Cardiovascular biology

• Hemofiltration

• Hemodialysis

• Blood Transfusion

• Electrocardiography

• Embolism

• Endocarditis

• Myocardial ischemia

• Pericarditis

• Pericardium

• Cardiovascular interventions

• Myocardial dysfunction

• Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

• Cardiovascular Endocrinology

• Cardiovascular Therapeutics

• Cardiac Surgery

• Cardiovascular Pharmacology

• Clinical Lipidology

• Pediatric Cardiology

• Acute cardiac care

• Hypertension

• Hypertension

• Cardiovascular Disorders

• Cardiovascular Pathology

• Clinical Cardiology

• Cardiovascular Electrophysiology

• Electrocardiology

• Nuclear Cardiology

• Diagnostic tests and procedure

• Invasive Cardiology

• Interventional cardiology

• Cardiac Anesthesia

• Cardiovascular gene therapy

• Cardiac development

• Congenital heart disease

• Coronary stent

• Aneurysm

• Angioplasty

• Arrhythmias

• Atherosclerosis

• Cardiac Evolution

• Coronary artery diseases